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Lingxi Xie 8642e9806b Update README.md 2023-07-31 11:17:07 +08:00
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Lingxi Xie 4d0d1eaed7 Update README.md 2023-07-31 10:51:23 +08:00
Lingxi Xie 1130d80c2d Merge pull request #11 from smarttommyau/main
Fix command install "requirement" to "requirements" typo README.md
2023-07-09 00:24:38 +08:00
Tommy Au a359fa116e Fix command install requirement typo README.md 2023-07-08 23:30:42 +08:00
Lingxi Xie b5850da258 Merge pull request #6 from 198808xc/198808xc-patch-1
Update README.md
2023-06-11 10:58:04 +08:00
Lingxi Xie d2b8ae962d Update README.md 2023-06-11 10:57:31 +08:00
Lingxi Xie d9f2964faf Merge pull request #3 from 198808xc/bkf-huawei-patch-1
Update pseudocode.py, add a possible implementation for ScheduledDropPath
2023-03-29 16:13:11 +08:00
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## Pangu-Weather
This is the official repository for the Pangu-Weather paper.
This is the official repository for the Pangu-Weather papers.
[Accurate medium-range global weather forecasting with 3D neural networks](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06185-3), Nature, Volume 619, Pages 533538, 2023.
[Pangu-Weather: A 3D High-Resolution Model for Fast and Accurate Global Weather Forecast](https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.02556), arXiv preprint: 2211.02556, 2022.
by Kaifeng Bi, Lingxi Xie, Hengheng Zhang, Xin Chen, Xiaotao Gu and Qi Tian
*by Kaifeng Bi, Lingxi Xie, Hengheng Zhang, Xin Chen, Xiaotao Gu and Qi Tian*
Resources including pseudocode, pre-trained models, and inference code are released.
**Note: the arXiv version offers more technical details, and the Nature paper contains some new figures.**
Resources including pseudocode, pre-trained models, and inference code are released here.
The slides used in a series of recent talks are attached here. [Baidu Netdisk](https://pan.baidu.com/s/14ZGywcr4XAK5dk75-8PUqA?pwd=9sco), extraction code: 9sco
## News and Updates
* [Jul 31 2023] We released the details of training the lite version of Pangu-Weather.
* [Jul 19 2023] ECMWF released an official [technical report](https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.10128) for "the rise of data-driven weather forecasting". Pangu-Weather was mentioned and tested thoroughly in the paper. We thank ECMWF for testing our models in real-world scenarios.
* [Jul 17 2023] Pangu-Weather was online as part of ECMWF's operational suite! Everyone can see 10-day global weather forecasting **without running code**. ECMWF has made use of the models released at this repository! [Please search the ECMWF charts website with the query of "PANGU".](https://charts.ecmwf.int/?query=pangu)
* [Jul 05 2023] Pangu-Weather was published on [Nature](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06185-3). It was made **Open Access**! We recommend the researchers to cite our Nature paper in the future.
* [Jun 27 2023] Pangu-Weather was presented at [PASC 2023](https://pasc23.pasc-conference.org/program/schedule/).
* [Jun 12 2023] Pangu-Weather was presented at [VALSE 2023](http://valser.org/2023/#/workshopde?id=15).
* [May 27 2023] Pangu-Weather was presented at [the WMO Early Warning for All (EW4ALL) conference](https://community.wmo.int/en/news/exploring-possibilities-artificial-intelligence-areas-water-weather-and-climate).
* [May 12 2023] ECMWF released a [repository](https://github.com/ecmwf-lab/ai-models-panguweather), offering a toolkit for running Pangu-Weather. We thank ECMWF for the efforts in easing everyone to test Pangu-Weather.
* [May 09 2023] Pangu-Weather was accepted by Nature!
## Installation
@@ -29,12 +47,12 @@ The downloaded files shall be organized as the following hierarchy:
If you use a CPU environment, please run:
```
pip install -r requirement_cpu.txt
pip install -r requirements_cpu.txt
```
If you use a GPU environment, please first confirm that the cuda version is 11.6 and the cudnn version is the 8.2.4 for Linux and 8.5.0.96 for Windows (please see [this page](https://onnxruntime.ai/docs/execution-providers/CUDA-ExecutionProvider.html) for details). Then, please run:
```
pip install -r requirement_gpu.txt
pip install -r requirements_gpu.txt
```
## Global weather forecasting (inference) using the trained models
@@ -92,11 +110,35 @@ Also, `inference_iterative.py` shows an example to generate per-6-hour forecast
Note that one needs to download about 60TB of ERA5 data and prepare for computational resource of 3000 GPU-days (in V100) to train each model.
## Training a lite version
Recently, we found that Pangu-Weather can be trained efficiently using only 1% of data and GPU computation. We call the version Pangu-Weather-lite. Note that the lite models cannot rival the full models, but the lite version offers opportunities for researchers with limited resource to explore the AI methods for weather forecasting.
Here are the key implementation details.
* Data. We reduced the training data into 11 years (2007-2017) and only used the 00UTC time point (the full version used all 24 time points throughout the day). Also, only 00UTC data is used in the testing phase. The total amount of downloaded data shall be less than 1TB.
* Model. We adjusted the down-sampling rate in the first stage from 2x4x4 to 2x8x8.
* Training epochs. One can remain using 100 epochs or reduce the number to 50 (half); note that the cosine annealing schedule is adjusted accordingly.
* Model set. We only trained one model (lead time is 24 hours), which means that the lite version can only perform daily weather forecasting.
Here are the results.
| Method | RMSE, Z500 | RMSE, T850 | RMSE, T2M | RMSE, U10 | Years | Down-sampling | Epochs | GPU x days |
| ------------------- | ---------------------- | -------------------- | -------------------- | -------------------- | ----- | ------------- | -- | ---------- |
| Operational IFS | 152.8 (3d), 333.7 (5d) | 1.37 (3d), 2.06 (5d) | 1.34 (3d), 1.75 (5d) | 1.94 (3d), 2.90 (5d) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Pangu-Weather | 134.5 (3d), 296.7 (5d) | 1.14 (3d), 1.79 (5d) | 1.05 (3d), 1.53 (5d) | 1.61 (3d), 2.53 (5d) | 39 | 2 x 4 x 4 | 100 | 192 x 16 |
| Pangu-Weather-Lite1 | 163.1 (3d), 338.2 (5d) | 1.29 (3d), 1.96 (5d) | 1.16 (3d), 1.64 (5d) | 1.80 (3d), 2.74 (5d) | 11 | 2 x 8 x 8 | 100 | 8 x 6 |
| Pangu-Weather-Lite2 | 177.9 (3d), 357.5 (5d) | 1.36 (3d), 2.05 (5d) | 1.24 (3d), 1.71 (5d) | 1.90 (3d), 2.84 (5d) | 11 | 2 x 8 x 8 | 50 | 8 x 3 |
One can observe that the lite version can surpass operational IFS (*when tested only at 00UTC time points*) in T850 (850hPa temperature), T2M (2m temperature) and U10 (u-component of 10m wind speed), while requiring less than 1% of computational costs compared to the full version.
Please note that the lite version was only trained and tested in 00UTC data. This means that its performance on other time points is not guaranteed. Since whether variables are closely correlated to time-in-day, it is difficult to directly use the lite version for daily whether forecasting. Again, the lite version is to ease the researchers to explore the property of AI models.
## License
Pangu-Weather is released by Huawei Cloud.
Pangu-Weather was released by Huawei Cloud.
The trained parameters of Pangu-Weather are made available under the terms of the BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. You can find details [here](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).
The trained parameters of Pangu-Weather were made available under the terms of the BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. You can find details [here](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).
**The commercial use of these models is forbidden.**
@@ -106,6 +148,21 @@ Also, please note that all models were trained using the ERA5 dataset provided b
If you use the resource in your research, please cite our paper:
```
@article{bi2023accurate,
title={Accurate medium-range global weather forecasting with 3D neural networks},
author={Bi, Kaifeng and Xie, Lingxi and Zhang, Hengheng and Chen, Xin and Gu, Xiaotao and Tian, Qi},
journal={Nature},
volume={619},
number={7970},
pages={533--538},
year={2023},
publisher={Nature Publishing Group}
}
```
We also offer the bibliography of the arXiv preprint version for your information.
```
@article{bi2022pangu,
title={Pangu-Weather: A 3D High-Resolution Model for Fast and Accurate Global Weather Forecast},